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Editorial

Author: Daniel Maxwell

I jest, but let’s face it – it won’t be long… Because while some humanoids are going all-in with the Information Age by falling in love with, and even marrying, their ChatBots, others are busy making acu-bots to do our job for us (although at this stage it seems that rats rather than humans are being used for for the necessary target practice). What could go wrong? Let’s hope these prototype robo-puncturists do not hallucinate too freely on the job…

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A Modern Scourge: Understanding and Managing Visual Fatigue and Eye-Strain with Chinese Medicine

Author: Cara Frank

Visual fatigue and eye strain, once rare complaints, have become nearly universal with the proliferation of screens used in digital work and leisure. This paper explores the biomedical and Chinese medical frameworks for understanding visual fatigue, including epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Biomedical approaches emphasise ergonomic and behavioural interventions, while Chinese medicine differentiates between constitutional patterns such as Spleen qi deficiency, qi and blood deficiency, Liver depression with blood deficiency, and Liver-Kidney deficiency. Acupuncture and herbal strategies are discussed in the context of the continuum of disease progression from transient eye strain to chronic degenerative eye disease.

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'Heart Fresh': The History and Application of a Point Prescription in Saam Acupuncture

Author: Philip Suger

‘Heart Fresh’ was the name given to a Saam acupuncture point pair by the wandering Korean Buddhist monk Doam Sunim when asked about it by his student, Toby Daly. This point prescription is very simple in composition but powerful in effect. Consisting of just two points, ‘Heart Fresh’ involves supplementing Dàdūn LIV-1 and draining Taìbái SP-3, borrowing one point from the Saam Heart supplementation prescription and one point from the Saam Kidney supplementation prescription. This article explores the history of this point pair, which goes 400 years back to the originator of Saam acupuncture, and its development by Doam Sunim and Toby Daly. Two short cases are provided to illustrate the clinical potential of this point combination.

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Introduction and Case Analysis of Motor Neurone Disease

Author: Wang Tianjun

This article gives an introduction to motor neurone disease from both the biomedical and traditional Chinese medical perspectives, including details of modern neuro-acupuncture methods such as scalp acupuncture, as well as traditional Dao-qi techniques in which qi is guided to flow to specific affected areas. Two brief case reports are including to illustrate the theory.

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Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Menopausal Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

Author: Si Woei Goh, Kim Sia Sng, Jen Yann Chiu, Yi Ker Wong, Yuanquan Dai, Wei Shi

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate
the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in treating
menopausal insomnia. A thorough literature search was conducted to identify
randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on CHM for menopausal insomnia
published before March 2024. Eligible RCTs were assessed for quality using
the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and meta-analysis was performed using
RevMan web. A total of seven studies were included and assessed for risk
of bias. The findings suggest potential benefits of CHM over conventional
medicine in treating menopausal insomnia, as reflected in improved Pittsburgh
Sleep Quality Index scores, serum oestradiol levels and serum folliclestimulating hormone levels, with fewer adverse events. Sensitivity analysis
supported the robustness of these studies and funnel plots indicated low
publication bias, ensuring the reliability of the meta-analysis. However, it
is important to acknowledge the limitations of this study, including a small
sample size and potential risk of bias. More rigorous RCTs with standardised
research methodologies are necessary to better evaluate the efficacy of CHM
in the future and further validate these findings.

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On Caution in Medicine: Advice from the 18th Century

Author: Tom Ehrman

This article presents translated excerpts from Shènjí Chúyán (Humble Advice on Caution in Treating Illness, 1767 CE), the final medical work of the famous Qing dynasty physician Xu Dachun, who was a vocal advocate of classical texts such as the Nèijīng (Inner Classic) and the works of Zhang Zhongjing. The excerpts are curated with Chinese medicine practitioners in mind, and encompass Xu’s forthright opinions on tonic herbs, diagnosis, geriatric and paediatric medicine, preparing herbal medicine, advice on choosing a physician, esoteric remedies and classic texts.

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Writing Acupuncture Case Reports

Author: Edward Chiu

Case reports occupy a unique and valuable place in the spectrum of medical literature. In acupuncture, they not only document individual patient outcomes, but can also preserve the clinical reasoning and treatment methods that form the profession’s living tradition. This article outlines practices for writing acupuncture case reports, with attention to audience, purpose and content standards. It traces the history of case reports in Chinese medicine, examines their role within evidence-based medicine, and discusses strategies for selecting an appropriate patient. The paper also reviews existing biomedical guidelines for writing case reports, identifies key omissions relevant to acupuncture and recommends supplementing with specific details for a more comprehensive record. Practical considerations for discussion sections are included, along with guidance for integrating both traditional and biomedical perspectives. Well-written acupuncture case reports can serve as enduring contributions to clinical education, professional integration and the advancement of patient care.

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The Treatment of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Author: Peilin Sun

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD – referred to as GERD with American spelling) is a prevalent digestive disorder that manifests with symptoms of heartburn, acid regurgitation and belching. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) GORD is categorised as ‘epigastric pain’, ‘acid swallowing’ or ‘hiccup’ and attributed to factors such as invasion of external pathogens, emotional distress, dietary irregularities, digestive weakness and disordered lifestyle. Its core pathogenesis stems from disruption of the descent of Stomach qi causing rebellious qi and imbalances of the Liver, Spleen and Stomach. These typically present alongside imbalances of qi, blood, body fluids and yin-yang, with mixed deficiency-excess and cold-heat patterns. Guided by the TCM principles of addressing both symptoms and root causes while harmonising the zangfu organs, treatment is based on syndrome differentiation and integrates herbal medicine, acupuncture and appropriate lifestyle advice. Unlike standard biomedical acid-suppression therapy, which leads to high relapse rates and long-term side effects, TCM’s holistic approach effectively relieves symptoms, enhances gastrointestinal motility, and reduces recurrence, significantly improving quality of life and offering substantial clinical value.

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Book Reviews in this issue

  • Engaging Vitality: Fundamentals by Dan Bensky and Charles Chace

  • Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases Part 1: Origin of Disease, Upper Burner, and Middle Burner byWu Jutong, translated by Allen Tsaur

  • Chinese Medicine and the Management of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome by Paula Bruno
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