Does Acupuncture Influence the Human Gut Microbiome? A Critical Review

This article is a critical review that evaluates whether acupuncture has a statistically significant effect on bacterial diversity and/or microbial composition in the human gut. Of the 213 papers retrieved from a systematic literature search, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for subjects with Parkinson’s disease, Crohn’s disease and simple obesity were identified for appraisal using CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) / STRICTA (Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture) guidelines. The article concludes that although there is insufficient evidence that acupuncture influences diversity within the human gut microbiome, it may have a modulating effect on bacterial composition, elevating levels that are reduced and reducing levels that are elevated within the conditions studied. However, due to the limitations in the evidence available, more research is required and therefore suggestions are made for future research design.